Fast check for NaN in NumPy

Ray's solution is good. However, on my machine it is about 2.5x faster to use numpy.sum in place of numpy.min:

In [13]: %timeit np.isnan(np.min(x))
1000 loops, best of 3: 244 us per loop

In [14]: %timeit np.isnan(np.sum(x))
10000 loops, best of 3: 97.3 us per loop

Unlike min, sum doesn't require branching, which on modern hardware tends to be pretty expensive. This is probably the reason why sum is faster.

edit The above test was performed with a single NaN right in the middle of the array.

It is interesting to note that min is slower in the presence of NaNs than in their absence. It also seems to get slower as NaNs get closer to the start of the array. On the other hand, sum's throughput seems constant regardless of whether there are NaNs and where they're located:

In [40]: x = np.random.rand(100000)

In [41]: %timeit np.isnan(np.min(x))
10000 loops, best of 3: 153 us per loop

In [42]: %timeit np.isnan(np.sum(x))
10000 loops, best of 3: 95.9 us per loop

In [43]: x[50000] = np.nan

In [44]: %timeit np.isnan(np.min(x))
1000 loops, best of 3: 239 us per loop

In [45]: %timeit np.isnan(np.sum(x))
10000 loops, best of 3: 95.8 us per loop

In [46]: x[0] = np.nan

In [47]: %timeit np.isnan(np.min(x))
1000 loops, best of 3: 326 us per loop

In [48]: %timeit np.isnan(np.sum(x))
10000 loops, best of 3: 95.9 us per loop

I think np.isnan(np.min(X)) should do what you want.

Even there exist an accepted answer, I'll like to demonstrate the following (with Python 2.7.2 and Numpy 1.6.0 on Vista):

In []: x= rand(1e5)
In []: %timeit isnan(x.min())
10000 loops, best of 3: 200 us per loop
In []: %timeit isnan(x.sum())
10000 loops, best of 3: 169 us per loop
In []: %timeit isnan(dot(x, x))
10000 loops, best of 3: 134 us per loop

In []: x[5e4]= NaN
In []: %timeit isnan(x.min())
100 loops, best of 3: 4.47 ms per loop
In []: %timeit isnan(x.sum())
100 loops, best of 3: 6.44 ms per loop
In []: %timeit isnan(dot(x, x))
10000 loops, best of 3: 138 us per loop

Thus, the really efficient way might be heavily dependent on the operating system. Anyway dot(.) based seems to be the most stable one.

If you're comfortable with numba it allows to create a fast short-circuit (stops as soon as a NaN is found) function:

import numba as nb
import math

@nb.njit
def anynan(array):
    array = array.ravel()
    for i in range(array.size):
        if math.isnan(array[i]):
            return True
    return False

If there is no NaN the function might actually be slower than np.min, I think that's because np.min uses multiprocessing for large arrays:

import numpy as np
array = np.random.random(2000000)

%timeit anynan(array)          # 100 loops, best of 3: 2.21 ms per loop
%timeit np.isnan(array.sum())  # 100 loops, best of 3: 4.45 ms per loop
%timeit np.isnan(array.min())  # 1000 loops, best of 3: 1.64 ms per loop

But in case there is a NaN in the array, especially if it's position is at low indices, then it's much faster:

array = np.random.random(2000000)
array[100] = np.nan

%timeit anynan(array)          # 1000000 loops, best of 3: 1.93 µs per loop
%timeit np.isnan(array.sum())  # 100 loops, best of 3: 4.57 ms per loop
%timeit np.isnan(array.min())  # 1000 loops, best of 3: 1.65 ms per loop

Similar results may be achieved with Cython or a C extension, these are a bit more complicated (or easily avaiable as bottleneck.anynan) but ultimatly do the same as my anynan function.